Sleep is essential for human survival. Although scientists once believed sleep simply allowed the body to rest, modern research shows that sleep is a highly active process supporting numerous biological systems.
Without sufficient sleep, both cognitive and physical performance decline rapidly.
Sleep and brain function
One of the most important roles of sleep is maintaining brain health. During sleep the brain processes memories, regulates emotions and reorganises information gathered during waking hours.
The brain also removes waste products produced during daily metabolic activity through a system known as the glymphatic system.
Sleep and physical recovery
Sleep supports the repair and maintenance of the body. During sleep the body releases hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and immune activity.
Muscle tissue repairs from daily wear, and the immune system strengthens its ability to fight infection.
Long term health and sleep
Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to a wide range of health problems including cardiovascular disease, obesity and metabolic disorders.
Research suggests that adults typically require between seven and nine hours of sleep per night to maintain optimal health.
References
National Institutes of Health Sleep Research Plan
Walker M. Why We Sleep
CDC Sleep and Health Research